b'20,000 new cases will be diagnosed this year. TheHMA and venetoclax. It has demonstrated excellent disease will kill an estimated 11,540 people in 2023. activity with favorable safety, even in frail patients, Theadvancesinstemcelltransplantationandtheauthorssaid.Studiessuggestthatcomplete intensive chemotherapy (IC) that have increased theremission rates attained by these combinations may five-year survival rate of younger patients with AMLapproach those of IC and it is therefore often hypoth-have not reached the older patients who more typi- esized that HMA with venetoclax should also be the cally develop the disease, who often have comor- preferred frontline treatment in elderly AML patients biditiesandfrailtythatprecludesuchaggressive(60-75 years) who are fit for IC treatment.treatments. A number of recent studies have built off of this base Recently,theadditionofvenetoclaxto[hypo- to see which HMA is most effective with venetoclax. methylating agents (HMAs)] was shown to stronglyOnesuchstudyinvolvingresearchersfrom improve outcome for older, medically non-fit AMLtheVANorthernCaliforniaHealthcareSystem patients, to such an extent that choosing the optimalinSacramentoassessedthesafetyandefficacy treatment has become challenging, noted research- ofdecitabineorazacitidinewithvenetoclaxin ersinarecentreview.Thereviewdiscussedthepatientswithrelapsed/refractoryandsecondary advantagesanddisadvantagesoftreatmentsforAML (sAML). Unlike the prior literature, which AML, including venetoclax, glasdegib, enasidenib,showed a 0% response rate and 0% 6-month sur-ivosidenib,gilteritinib,midostaurin,gemtuzumabvival in patients with sAML, we found an ORR of ozogamicine, CC-486, and CPX-351. 1 50%, which was not significantly different from our The current standard for the treatment of elderlyresponse rate in de novo AML. Additionally, 45% ( 75 years) and unfit AML is the combination ofof our sAML patients were alive 12 months, and 17'