b'HCC, Intrahepatic CholangiocarcinomaCases Increase Dramatically in U.S. By Brenda L. MooneyBETHESDA,MDTheincidenceandmortalityIn fact, they said the overall mortality rate increased trends of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer infrom2.808/100,000person-yearsin1975to the United States had a dramatic increase from 19756.648/100,000person-yearsin2017(AAPC=2.41, to 2017, according to data from the National Cancer95% CI: 2.29-2.51, P0.001). The highest mortality rate InstitutesSurveillance,Epidemiology,andEndwas observed in Hawaii (6.996/100,000 person-years).Results (SEER) database. Researchers called for comprehensive policy and AreportintheJournalofGastrointestinalcontrol measures should be implemented to reduce Oncology reported that the incidence of liver can- theburdenofdisease,particularlythroughhealth cerhepatocellular (HCC) and intrahepatic cholan- monitoring and intervention for high-risk groups.giocarcinoma (ICC)increased from 2.641/100,000Liver cancer was the third most common cause of person-years in 1975 to 8.657/100,000 person-yearscancer mortality globally in 2020, making up 8.3% in 2017. At the same time, the mortality rate shotof all cancer deaths. While the principal histologic upfrom2.808/100,000person-yearsin1975totype of liver cancer is HCC, accounting for up to 6.648/100,000 person-years. 1 90% of primary liver tumors, the second most com-Theincreaseinincidenceandmortalityratesofmon type is ICC, which involves malignant cells males,non-HispanicBlacksandolderindividualsarising from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic was even more rapid, according to the report. bile duct.ChineseresearchersextractedinformationonIntheUnitedStates,theprojectedincidenceof age, gender, race, metastasis, tumor site and tumorliver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in 2021 was grade of patients from the SEER database. They42,230cases,withanestimated30,230deaths. applied codes C22.0 and C22.1 of the InternationalHistorically, the highest incidence has been in Asia, Classification of Disease for Oncology to identifybut the incidence trend in the U.S. is increasing, the patientswithhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)authors pointed out.and/orintrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma(ICC),Anotherstudynotedtheincreaseincombined calculating age-specified incidence, age-standard- hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(HCC-CC),a ized incidence and mortality, 5-year relative sur- primary liver malignancy that is composed of two vival,race-specificaccumulativeincidenceandmajor liver cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality,andgeographic-specificaccumulativefromhepatocytesandcholangiocarcinoma(CC) mortality. from bile duct epithelial cells. This uncommon type The overall incidence increased significantly fromof liver cancer has gradually drawn attention as it has 2.641/100,000 person-years in 1975 to 8.657/100,000become more frequently reported, with the incidence person-years in 2017 [average annual percent changeincreasing to 14.2% in specific groups, according to (AAPC) =3.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.28- the article in The Oncologist. 23.62,P0.001],thestudyauthorsnoted.The1Yao Z, Dai C, Yang J, Xu M, Meng H, Hu X, Lin N. Time-trends in steepest incidence rate increase was observed in theliver cancer incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. from 1975 to 60-69-year-oldagegroup(AAPC=4.40,95%CI:2017: a study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Re-4.10-4.70, P0.001). Males exhibited a more rapidsults database. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2023 Feb 28;14(1):312-324. doi: 10.21037/jgo-23-25. Epub 2023 Feb 23. PMID: 36915450; PMCID: increaseincancerincidence,from3.928/100,000PMC10007921.to13.128/100,000person-years(AAPC=3.41,2Chen PD, Chen LJ, Chang YJ, Chang YJ. Long-Term Survival of 95%CI:3.21-3.61,P0.001),thanfemales[fromCombined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma: A Nationwide Study. 1.642/100,000 to 4.783/100,000 person-years (AAPCOncologist. 2021 Oct;26(10):e1774-e1785. doi: 10.1002/onco.13893. =3.03, 95% CI: 2.91-3.21, P=0.001)]. Epub 2021 Jul 19. PMID: 34213048; PMCID: PMC8488786.59'